1. Cell
A cell is the basic unit of all living things. It is the smallest part of a living thing which is fully alive.
The First Inventor of Cell
• Robert Hooke, English Scientist, (1665) à Sponge Cell in the Micrographia book.
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1674 , Lens maker from Netherlands à Cell lives in water.
Theory of Cell• The theory says that :
Ø All living things are arranged into one or more cells.
Ø Cell is the smallest structural unit from living things which do all the living process
Ø Cell is derived from other cells
The Basic Parts of Cell
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
Cell Membrane
• Cell Membrane is the thin layer that covers the cell.
• The function is to protect the content of the cell
• Cell Membrane is the thin layer that covers the cell.
• The function is to protect the content of the cell
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm : the part in the cell except nucleus.
Nucleus
• Round shape
• Controlling all activities and reproduce cell.
• Containing DNA that contains the information of cell activity.
THE PARTS OF THE CELL:
A. CELL WALL
THE FUNCTION IS TO PROTECT THE CELL
B. MEMBRANE PLASMA
THE FUNCTION IS TO PROTECT THE CONTENT OF THE CELL.
C. NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES AND CONTAINED CHROMOSOMES
D.CYTOPLASM
IT HAS A GEL-LIKE FORM (THICK)
ALL ORGANELLE CAN BE FOUND IN CYTOPLASM
E. MITOCHONDRIA
D.CYTOPLASM
IT HAS A GEL-LIKE FORM (THICK)
ALL ORGANELLE CAN BE FOUND IN CYTOPLASM
E. MITOCHONDRIA
THE FUNCTION IS TO PRODUCE ENERGY OF THE CELL
F. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
SMOOTH ER
- LACK RIBOSOMES
- SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS
ROUGH ER
- STUDDED WITH RIBOSOMES
- SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS
F. GOLGI COMPLEX
THE FUNCTION IS AS SECRETION OF PROTEIN
G. LYSOSOMES
THE FUNCTION IS TO DIGEST THE PART OF BROKEN OR OLD CELL. THIS PROCESS WILL RENEW THE CELL.
H. CHLOROPLAST
F. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
SMOOTH ER
- LACK RIBOSOMES
- SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS
ROUGH ER
- STUDDED WITH RIBOSOMES
- SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS
F. GOLGI COMPLEX
THE FUNCTION IS AS SECRETION OF PROTEIN
G. LYSOSOMES
THE FUNCTION IS TO DIGEST THE PART OF BROKEN OR OLD CELL. THIS PROCESS WILL RENEW THE CELL.
H. CHLOROPLAST
CHLOROPLAST IS AN ORGANEL THAN CAN ONLY BE FOUND IN PLANT CELL.
INSIDE A CHLOROPLAST THERE IS CHLOROPHYLL.
CHLOROPHYLL CAPTURES LIGHT ENERGY AND CONVERTS IT TO CHEMICAL ENERGY
I. VACUOLE
VACUOLE STORES FOOD AND OTHER CHEMICAL MATERIAL PLANT WILL WILTS IF VACUOLE IS NOT FILLED WITH WATER.
INSIDE A CHLOROPLAST THERE IS CHLOROPHYLL.
CHLOROPHYLL CAPTURES LIGHT ENERGY AND CONVERTS IT TO CHEMICAL ENERGY
I. VACUOLE
VACUOLE STORES FOOD AND OTHER CHEMICAL MATERIAL PLANT WILL WILTS IF VACUOLE IS NOT FILLED WITH WATER.
DISTINGUISH AN ANIMAL CELL FROM A PLANT CELL
ORGANELS ANIMAL PLANT
VACUOLE NO YES
CENTIOLES YES NO
CELL WALLS NO YES
CHLOROPLAS NO YES
2. TISSUE
Tissue is a group of cells that having the same shape, structure and function.
EXAMPLES:
PLANTS: EPIDERMIS, PHLOEM AND XYLEM TISSUE
ANIMALS:EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, VEIN AND SWEAT GLAND.
3. ORGAN
An organ is a group of tissue that together have the function to support a duty.
EXAMPLES:
ANIMALS ORGAN:
HEART, EYE, NOUSE, LUNGS, SKIN, ARM, FOOT, INTESTINE, STOMACH, KIDNEY ORGAN.
PLANT ORGAN:
ROOT, STEM, LEAF, FLOWER, SEED ORGAN.
An organ is a group of tissue that together have the function to support a duty.
EXAMPLES:
ANIMALS ORGAN:
HEART, EYE, NOUSE, LUNGS, SKIN, ARM, FOOT, INTESTINE, STOMACH, KIDNEY ORGAN.
PLANT ORGAN:
ROOT, STEM, LEAF, FLOWER, SEED ORGAN.
4. ORGAN SYSTEM
Is several organs that cooperate to do a certain work function.
EXAMPLES:
THE TRASPOTATION SYSTEM(BLOOD, ARTERI, VENA), THE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM( OVARUM, UTERUS, VAGINA), THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM( SKIN, KIDNEY, HEART, LUNGS), THE NERVOUS SYSTEM( CEREBUM, CEREBELUM, MEDULA OBONGATA), DIGESTIVES SYSTEM( MOUTH, ESOFAGUS, STOMACH, INTESTINE ANUS).
5. ORGANISM
Many organ systems that are connected to each other and work together to support a certain function will compose an individual of organism.
ORGANIZATION OF LIFE
CELL --> TISSUE --> ORGAN --> ORGAN SYSTEM --> ORGANISM
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